Friday, 29 June 2012

My Special Education | eitheory.com

When my sister was born, she was clearly unusual.? Her appearance, her distinctive facial and physical features were a curious, unexplainable phenomenon.? I remember thinking, ?Where did this baby come from?? Whose baby is this?? ?

My sister, as an infant, had dark, almost black, upturned eyes, a flat nose, a small mouth and large tongue.? Her ears were curved inward. ?She had a single crease across both?palms of her tiny hands, short stubby fingers, tiny feet with a larger than normal space between the big toes and the rest of them. ?

She was extraordinarily double-jointed.

I didn?t know that the features that gave my sister her unique appearance were the physical elements that made people with Down syndrome recognizable.

Lying in her crib, I often peered in at her; she, staring into space, her dark eyes, like the black buttons that closed my winter coat, fixed on the musical mobile dangling above her head.? I don?t remember her ever crying or laughing or making any sound, really.? She was always silent, lying on her back, occasionally moving her feet and hands.?

For the first three years of her life, my sister couldn?t roll over, sit-up or stand; and she couldn?t talk. ?She shifted her position only minimally, often with help.? Around three years, she started to roll over, sit up, maneuver herself onto all fours and sit in a chair without slumping into a bunch.? She experienced some level of independence at around four years, scooting across the floor, propelling herself by thrusting her legs and feet forward and humping herself onward. ?

She grew and developed in her own way along her own timeline.

?I hate it,? she told me one day as we prepared to go to her job at McDonald?s.?She cleared and wiped down tables. She was around twenty-two.??I hate it.? ??She looked down at her lap, seemingly talking to herself.

I reached to pull her seatbelt over her ever-expanding waistline. ?Why?? I asked. ?You like working there.?

?They make fron? a me.?

?Who??

?The kids; the kids;?make fron? a me.? Her eyes magnified behind her thick glasses, smudged and always in need of a good cleaning, searched for answers that, even if I could explain, would never really ring true for her.?

Even now, my sister survives on the belief that people are essentially good; and each time she experiences the recklessness of others, her expression is consistently a mix of deep sadness, regret and the hope that she will be forgiven for being so unusual ? so much unlike others that she could only expect forgiveness from them. ?

All people with Down syndrome have some degree of mental retardation or developmental delay. ?They are, however, far from being incapable of learning, especially to the degree that emotional expression, social expectation and the way in which others treat them as normal. ?I know I am well outside the boundaries of making a generalization, but it is my best judgment that people with Down syndrome are quite emotionally adept,?genius at expressing affection toward others. Their intellectual capacity cannot be reliably predicted in infancy, but their ability to express love and caring toward others is evident from a very early age. ?(I am well within my comfort zone making this generalization, and I?invite my reader to take exception with it.)

My sister entered school at around the same age as other children, only she spent her days in a room where the window in the door was covered with construction paper. ??I never saw her at recess, and we never sat together at lunch.? Knowing her as I did, I could only imagine that she was content among her friends and teachers, never questioning the good intentions of those who were responsible for her care and education.?

My sister went from elementary, to junior and on to senior high school seated behind a window covered in construction paper.

When she was twenty, she graduated from high school; and for all her efforts, she was mailed a diploma and a copy of her yearbook.? Inside were an empty oval where her picture should have been and a barren, blank square where her biography might have been printed, if anyone had taken notice of her.

Of course, when she got the book?in the mail, my sister leafed through it.? She had no idea that her picture should be there, alongside the other members of her graduating class.? She couldn?t even have imagined such an honor. She was content to look over the familiar faces she remembered from school ? the lunch lady, pictures of the abandoned hallways, the quad.

My mother, much less content, contacted the school and demanded that my sister?s picture be duplicated and sent by mail to everyone who had purchased a yearbook.? Not only should there be a picture, but my mother strongly suggested that my sister?s favorite color, her favorite song, her most commonly spoken phrase and her most cherished memory accompany the photo in exactly the same proportions as the oval and blank spaces that were provided to my sister on page 31 of her?yearbook.

My sister was quite proud when she pointed out her own picture in the yearbook, after discovering it one day, glued perfectly within the spaces inside her yearbook ? as if it had always been there, proof that she was like everyone else.? She looked up at me, through those damnable glasses, kissed her hand and brought it down on top of her own picture. ?S?me,? she said, ?S?me.??She laughed, extending her long tongue as she drew in more air to feed her belly laugh.

My sister has never been like anyone else, really. She is my?cherished and pure spirit, someone who is never?truly unhappy for long or without a friend.? Her life has been a hearty handshake, a warm and sincere hug and a promise for unconditional positive regard toward everyone she meets, no matter who they are or how they may have treated her in the past. I can never imagine comparing myself to my sister?s strength of character and her dedication to the idea that everyone possesses inherent goodness ? if we just take the time to see it.

My sister?s medical and cognitive impairments have increased over the years; they?unravel the mystery of her human condition more and more each day; but from the day she came home from the hospital, wrapped in a yellow, satin edged blanket, she was the most wonderful gift I could ever have received in my life.? She has been my special education. From that day forward, she was assimilated into our family and our neighborhood, complete with her own unique personality, her own strengths and her own weaknesses, to become the strong-willed, sensitive and tremendously good-humored woman she is today.

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Tuesday, 26 June 2012

Billy Ray Cyrus makes his way to Broadway

FILE - This Dec. 13, 2011 file photo shows singer Billy Ray Cyrus attending a special screening of "Albert Nobbs" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Cyrus is making his Broadway debut in "Chicago." The singer of "Achy Breaky Heart" and father of Miley Cyrus is detouring from his Nashville roots in taking on the role of criminal lawyer Billy Flynn for a seven-week engagement beginning Nov. 5. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini, file)

FILE - This Dec. 13, 2011 file photo shows singer Billy Ray Cyrus attending a special screening of "Albert Nobbs" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Cyrus is making his Broadway debut in "Chicago." The singer of "Achy Breaky Heart" and father of Miley Cyrus is detouring from his Nashville roots in taking on the role of criminal lawyer Billy Flynn for a seven-week engagement beginning Nov. 5. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini, file)

FILE - This Dec. 13, 2011 file photo shows singer Billy Ray Cyrus attending a special screening of "Albert Nobbs" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Cyrus is making his Broadway debut in "Chicago." The singer of "Achy Breaky Heart" and father of Miley Cyrus is detouring from his Nashville roots in taking on the role of criminal lawyer Billy Flynn for a seven-week engagement beginning Nov. 5. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini, file)

NEW YORK (AP) ? Country singer Billy Ray Cyrus is making his Broadway debut in "Chicago."

The singer of "Achy Breaky Heart" and father of Miley Cyrus is detouring from his Nashville roots in taking on the role of criminal lawyer Billy Flynn for a seven-week engagement beginning Nov. 5.

Cyrus starred with his daughter in the hit TV series "Hannah Montana," and has acted in TV movies on Lifetime and the Hallmark Channel. Cyrus has also hosted country music's "Nashville Star" and was a competitor on "Dancing With The Stars."

Other celebrities to join the "Chicago" cast have included Sofia Vergara, Melanie Griffith, Brooke Shields, Ashlee Simpson, Usher, Huey Lewis, Michael C. Hall and Jerry Springer.

Associated Press

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Friday, 22 June 2012

Peter King's Muslim Radicalization Hearing Attacked By Ranking Democrat

WASHINGTON -- The top Democrat on the House Homeland Security Committee attacked the premise of today's scheduled fifth hearing on radicalization within the Muslim-American community, saying he hoped they "did not perpetuate the notion that the United States is at war with Islam."

In a statement released late Tuesday, Rep. Bennie Thompson (D-Miss.) questioned the need for yet another session on the subject, given that since the first hearing in March 2011, al Qaeda's operations have been dealt massive blows with the killing of Osama bin Laden, Anwar al Awlaki and other terrorist leaders.

"In essence, the world has changed. But despite a changing world, which requires us to look forward, this Committee seems to want to look back," Thompson said. "We are holding today's hearing to discuss the effect of previous hearings. I am not sure we have ever had a hearing to gauge the effects of prior hearings."

Rep. Peter King (R-N.Y.), the committee's chairman, announced the hearing, titled "The American Muslim Response to Hearings on Radicalization within their Community," last week. In his statement, King said he had been "vilified by the politically correct media, pandering politicians and radical groups" for staging the hearings and said he planned a fifth to hear from Muslim witnesses on the impact of the previous hearings.

Thompson's office noted that none of the three majority witnesses have law enforcement experience and all support the New York Police Department's controversial surveillance program. Earlier this month, a group of Muslim-Americans filed the first lawsuit challenging the NYPD's program, which they say infringes on their constitutional rights of free speech, religion, assembly and due process.

"Given the challenges the nation faces in homeland security -- the ongoing problems at TSA; the ability of FEMA to meet the needs of disaster survivors; the effect of budget cuts on research and development within Science and Technology, just to name a few -- I am not sure that a hearing to gauge the effects of our hearings is the most effective use of Congressional time and attention," Thompson said.

The hearing is set to begin at 10:15 a.m. and can be seen live at the committee's website.

Related on HuffPost:

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Samsung Galaxy S III review: Good -- but not perfect

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At least two heads turned when I received my Samsung Galaxy S III recently. How could they not when I loudly exclaimed?? alright, practically squealed?? that "it's here, it's here." Those same two heads shook, an hour later, as their owners watched me hurl?obscenities?at the gadget.

"You were supposed to be perfect! Why aren't you perfect, you stupid ..."

Don't get me wrong,?I had high expectations for the Galaxy S III???and the smartphone met most of them. But what it failed to do is provide the perfection I craved, a reason to abandon my trusted iPhone 4S and finally switch to Android. It's just too rough around the edges (metaphorically speaking, of course, as its actual edges are flawlessly curved).

The Galaxy S III is easy on the eyes with its big, bright screen, smooth corners, and almost frighteningly slender body. It's powerful and speedy (for some benchmarks, check out Laptop Mag). It has a camera decent enough to make a basic point-and-shoot?unnecessary. It's battery will get you through a day.?And boy-oh-boy, many of Samsung's tweaks make Android look oh-so-appealing.

That's the big picture, of course. The?details ? the devil's always in those, isn't he? ? are where the Samsung Galaxy S III struggles to amaze.?

When the folks of Samsung first showed off?the device, they pushed its "natural interaction" front and center. This was supposed to be a phone that can listen, watch and respond in ways never experience before. Unfortunately the features which should make all that happen are unpolished.

The Galaxy S III is supposed to?recognize?whether you are looking at it or not,?and appropriately maintain comfortable?screen brightness levels. Either my eyes somehow elude all detection or the phone was trying to tell me to take a break from staring at it?? because it refused to keep the screen from dimming at times.

S Voice is a feature which is basically a counterpart to Apple's Siri. It is a personal assistant of sorts and supposed to recognize natural language. Unfortunately it's often unresponsive and prone to mangling commands, even if they are the simple ones provided as examples. (And don't even think about asking a Galaxy S III whether you'll need an umbrella in Tampa,?Florida on Friday. Such a complex?question, which is quickly answered by Siri, baffles the Samsung device.)

The Galaxy S III cleverly starts dialing a contact if you open his or her details then lift the phone to your ear. I quickly became enamored with this small but incredibly useful feature. Unfortunately it sometimes takes the device a moment or two to recognize that it's being held against my ear?? and I could definitely have manually placed the call by that point.

Are you noticing the pattern? The Galaxy S III is a solid phone. It has all the basics covered well, but it disappoints when it comes to the features that should have pushed it over the top. It's a sleek?rocket ship adorned with rusty bells and whistles.

So what's the verdict? Well, if you're an iPhone-obsessed individual like yours truly, stick with your beloved iOS device?? because the Galaxy S III won't impress you as much as you'd want it to. But if you're already an Android smartphone user and looking for an upgrade? Jog, don't walk, to the nearest store. Just because I don't think the Galaxy S III tears away the label of "best smartphone on the market right now" away from the iPhone 4S doesn't mean that it's not the best Android device at the moment.

Want more tech news, silly puns, or amusing links? You'll get plenty of all three if you keep up with Rosa Golijan, the writer of this post, by following her on?Twitter, subscribing to her?Facebook?posts,?or circling her?on?Google+.

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Gov. Jerry Brown to scrap environmental exception for bullet train

After encountering criticism from environmental groups, Gov. Jerry Brown signaled Wednesday that he plans to withdraw his controversial proposal to protect the California bullet train project from injunctions sought by environmental lawsuits.

Brown's staff told key environmental groups that he would no longer include modifications to the California Environmental Quality Act in a package of legislation this month asking for $6 billion to start construction of the high-speed rail project.

A spokesman for the governor declined to comment. State senators and their staffers confirmed the governor's move.

Sen. Joe Simitian (D-Palo Alto) said there wasn't "a lot of stomach" for Brown's proposal among his colleagues in the Legislature.

"I think that's wise," Simitian said. "It was a bridge too far. The obvious question is, is this a decision for the long term, or will the issue of environmental exceptions be revisited in the near future? That's a question people are going to ask."

Separately, the California High-Speed Rail Authority said Wednesday that Jeff Morales, the agency's new chief executive, will be paid $365,000 annually with a $25,000 bonus after the first and second years of his service. The salary is higher than any elected official in the state, but prison doctors and some others earn higher compensation. Morales' appointment on May 29 was questioned by critics in the Legislature and by outside watchdogs, because he came directly from the authority's top consultant Parsons Brinckerhoff. Morales' predecessor, Roelof van Ark, was paid a base salary of $375,000 and given a $75,000 recruitment incentive when he was hired, a rail authority spokeswoman said.

Brown's attempt to quiet the controversy over the environmental issues is coming just ahead of the critical decision by the Legislature on the $6 billion appropriation to start construction as early as this December. The matter will be decided in a bill that is expected to be brought up early next week.

The Sierra Club and the Natural Resources Defense Council raised objections to Brown's proposal, saying it was part of a pattern to water down one of the most important pieces of environmental law in history. Critics of the bullet train, meanwhile, said it appeared that Brown wanted to protect his pet project, while leaving other businesses in the state to bear the full brunt of the law.

It appeared that the proposal was jeopardizing support for the rail project from the environmental movement, a stalwart supporter of high-speed rail along with labor unions and big engineering firms.

Dan Richard, chairman of the California High-Speed Rail Authority, had first raised the possibility of some legal protections from lawsuits in a Senate hearing, saying he would rather be able to respond to future lawsuits by mitigating problems than having his project stopped with an injunction.

Brown endorsed that idea soon after, sending proposed language to the Legislature that set a high bar for environmental suits and making the revisions retroactive to the start of this year. That measure could have affected the one suit that has already been filed by the farm bureaus of Merced and Madera counties, Madera County and others. The lawsuit contends that the environmental review of the project's segment from Merced to Fresno was inadequate.

Farmers up and down the Central Valley have said the project is destroying valuable farmland and will disrupt operations, destroy irrigation systems and puncture processing plants. In his first term in office three decades ago, Brown had his first battle with the agriculture industry, sustaining a painful political loss over a key water project. In addition to the farmers, the railroad industry has warned that the project is violating its property rights.

Kathryn Phillips, director of Sierra Club California, said the rail project was exactly the type of major construction that the environmental laws were intended to address. And she said there was little risk to the project that an injunction would stop construction.

Phillips said it would now be appropriate for the Sierra Club to support the appropriations for starting construction, since the group was a backer of the original bond proposal that was passed by voters in 2008. Even so, the project has a number of environmental obstacles to clear, including proving that it can mitigate the effect on air quality during construction in the Central Valley. She said the Sierra Club supports the idea of full mitigation, so that the use of diesel-powered construction equipment does not add to the already poor air quality in the eight counties regulated by the San Joaquin Air Pollution Control District.

ralph.vartabedian@latimes.com

chris.megerian@latimes.com

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VA looking to technology to reduce suicide risks

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Wednesday, 20 June 2012

Cadillac CUE makes its way to XTS, navigates with ease in NYC (hands-on)

Cadillac

Navigating those mean Manhattan streets is an intimidating chore for any driver, with or without a battery of high-tech in-car aides. But after an introduction to Cadillac CUE, it's easy to see the benefit of such a comprehensive system. CUE isn't your typical in-dash GPS nav -- sure it can get you on your way just as well as any other navigation system, but a bounty of sensors and displays allow you to keep your eyes on the road and avoid collisions, while also providing the smartphone integration and media playback support you'd expect from a high-end 2012 automobile. The base system, included standard with 2012 and 2013 XTS and SRX models and available as an option with the ATS, is centered around an 8-inch, 800 x 400 capacitive touch LCD with anti-scratch, anti-glare and oleophobic coatings to keep the display in tip-top shape and completely viewable from both the driver and passenger seats.

The display flips open to reveal a lit storage compartment with a USB port for connecting and charging your smartphone, while capacitive-touch buttons below the panel provide haptic feedback and a variety of control options (you can tap or slide your finger across to adjust volume, for example). Add-ons include a 12.3-inch, 1280 x 480 "instrument cluster" that provides speed and fuel information in a familiar readout, along with directions, phone call info and music selection. Also available is a slick heads-up display, which features a more subdued color pallet (compared to the vibrant LCDs) and outputs key info, including speed limits and collision warnings, while also minimizing ghosting thanks to a wedge-shaped windshield, which thins as you move from top to bottom. Two more USB ports in the center console let you sync up and charge two additional devices, while an AUX input enables older devices to pipe out tunes.

Now, much of this may seem familiar -- we took a peek at CUE at last year's CTIA -- but this is the first time that we've actually had a chance to take the tech for a spin in a drivable 2013 Cadillac XTS, and New York City seems like the perfect venue for pushing the system to its limits. Inputting a destination is as simple as typing an address into Google Maps (though CUE uses a proprietary maps app based on NAVTEQ's database). As we drove from our office near Union Square to the Financial District, the car let us know when we were cutting things a bit too close, as seat vibrations alerted us to obstacles on either side. All the while, adjusting music and climate was simple as can be, and HUD-based directions gave us little excuse to look away from the busy road. After arriving at our destination, we slid on over to the passenger seat to film the action while an expert drove. If a new Caddy is in your future, you should be able to pick up a CUE-equipped car within the next few weeks. For now, you can jump past the break for a front-seat look as we cruise on through the 212.

Continue reading Cadillac CUE makes its way to XTS, navigates with ease in NYC (hands-on)

Cadillac CUE makes its way to XTS, navigates with ease in NYC (hands-on) originally appeared on Engadget on Tue, 19 Jun 2012 15:07:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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H-Japan (E): Applications Harvard Academy Scholars Program


From: "H-Japan Editor, Rikiei Shibasaki" <rshiba@IP.OIT.AC.JP>
List Editor: "H-Japan Editor, Rikiei Shibasaki" <rshiba@IP.OIT.AC.JP>
Editor's Subject: H-Japan (E): Applications Harvard Academy Scholars Program
Author's Subject: H-Japan (E): Applications Harvard Academy Scholars Program
Date Written: Tue, 19 Jun 2012 08:08:30 GMT
Date Posted: Wed, 19 Jun 2012 04:08:30 -0400

                                    H-Japan                              7  June 19, 2012  Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2012 11:58:06 -0700 Subject: H-ASIA: Applications Harvard Academy Scholars Program  H-ASIA June 18, 2012  Announcing The Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, The Harvard Academy Scholars Program 2013-2014 applications open  *********************************************************************** From: H-Net Announcements <announce@MAIL.H-NET.MSU.EDU>  Harvard Academy Scholars Program  Location: Massachusetts, United States Fellowship Date: 2012-10-01 Date Submitted: 2012-06-11 Announcement ID: 195125  The Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies The Harvard Academy Scholars Program 2013-2014  The Academy Scholars Program identifies and supports outstanding scholars at the start of their careers whose work combines disciplinary excellence in the social sciences (including history and law) with a command of the language, history, or culture of non-Western countries or regions. Their scholarship may elucidate domestic, comparative, or transnational issues, past or present.  The Academy Scholars are a select community of individuals with resourcefulness, initiative, curiosity, and originality, whose work in non-Western cultures or regions shows promise as a foundation for exceptional careers in major universities or international institutions. Harvard Academy Scholarships are open only to recent Ph.D. (or comparable professional school degree) recipients and doctoral candidates. Those still pursuing a Ph.D. should have completed their routine training and be well along in the writing of their theses before applying to become Academy Scholars; those in possession of a Ph.D. longer than 3 years at the time of application are ineligible.  Academy Scholars are appointed for 2 years by the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies and are provided time, guidance, and access to Harvard University facilities. They receive substantial financial and research assistance to undertake sustained projects of research and/or acquire accessory training in their chosen fields and areas. Some teaching is permitted but not required. The Senior Scholars, a distinguished group of senior Harvard University faculty members, act as mentors to the Academy Scholars to help them achieve their intellectual potential.  Post-doctoral Academy Scholars will receive an annual stipend of $64,000, and pre-doctoral Academy Scholars will receive an annual stipend of $28,000. Applications for the 2013-2014 class of Academy Scholars are due by October 1, 2012. Finalist interviews will take place in Cambridge on December 10. Notification of Scholarships will be made in January, 2013. For complete information on how to apply visit: www.wcfia.harvard.edu/academy.     Laurence Winnie Harvard Academy for Internaitonal and Area Studies Harvard University 1727 Cambridge St. Cambridge, MA 02138 ph. 617-495-4253 f. 67-496-9592 Email: lwinnie@wcfia.harvard.edu Visit the website at http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/academy       H-Net reproduces announcements that have been submitted to us as a     free service to the academic community. If you are interested in an     announcement listed here, please contact the organizers or patrons     directly. Though we strive to provide accurate information, H-Net     cannot accept responsibility for the text of announcements appearing     in this service.  Send comments & questions to H-Net Webstaff at URL     <webstaff@mail.h-net.msu.edu>      H-Net Humanities & Social Sciences Online Hosted by Matrix at            Michigan State University Copyright (c) 1995-2011 ************************************************************************               To post to  H-ASIA  simply send your message to:                          <H-ASIA@h-net.msu.edu>            For holidays or short absences send post to:                  <listserv@h-net.msu.edu> with message:                          SET H-ASIA NOMAIL         Upon return, send post with message SET H-ASIA MAIL         H-ASIA WEB HOMEPAGE URL:    http://h-net.msu.edu/~asia/ -------------------------End H-Japan Message------------------------ 
 

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Monday, 18 June 2012

Ionic liquid improves speed and efficiency of hydrogen-producing catalyst

ScienceDaily (June 16, 2012) ? The design of a nature-inspired material that can make energy-storing hydrogen gas has gone holistic. Usually, tweaking the design of this particular catalyst -- a work in progress for cheaper, better fuel cells -- results in either faster or more energy efficient production but not both. Now, researchers have found a condition that creates hydrogen faster without a loss in efficiency.

And, holistically, it requires the entire system -- the hydrogen-producing catalyst and the liquid environment in which it works -- to overcome the speed-efficiency tradeoff. The results, published online June 8 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, provide insights into making better materials for energy production.

"Our work shows that the liquid medium can improve the catalyst's performance," said chemist John Roberts of the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. "It's an important step in the transformation of laboratory results into useable technology."

The results also provide molecular details into how the catalytic material converts electrical energy into the chemical bonds between hydrogen atoms. This information will help the researchers build better catalysts, ones that are both fast and efficient, and made with the common metal nickel instead of expensive platinum.

A Solution Solution

The work explores a type of dissolvable nickel-based catalyst, which is a material that eggs on chemical reactions. Catalysts that dissolve are easier to study than fixed catalysts, but fixed catalysts are needed for most real-world applications, such as a car's pollution-busting catalytic converter. Studying the catalyst comes first, affixing to a surface comes later.

In their search for a better catalyst to produce hydrogen to feed into fuel cells, the team of PNNL chemists modeled this dissolvable catalyst after a protein called a hydrogenase. Such a protein helps tie two hydrogen atoms together with electrons, storing energy in their chemical bond in the process. They modeled the catalytic center after the protein's important parts and built a chemical scaffold around it.

In previous versions, the catalyst was either efficient but slow, making about a thousand hydrogen molecules per second; or inefficient yet fast -- clocking in at 100,000 molecules per second. (Efficiency is based on how much electricity the catalyst requires.) The previous work didn't get around this pesky relation between speed and efficiency in the catalysts -- it seemed they could have one but not the other.

Hoping to uncouple the two, Roberts and colleagues put the slow catalyst in a medium called an acidic ionic liquid. Ionic liquids are liquid salts and contain molecules or atoms with negative or positive charges mixed together. They are sometimes used in batteries to allow for electrical current between the positive and negative electrodes.

The researchers mixed the catalyst, the ionic liquid, and a drop of water. The catalyst, with the help of the ionic liquid and an electrical current, produced hydrogen molecules, stuffing some of the electrons coming in from the current into the hydrogen's chemical bonds, as expected.

As they continued to add more water, they expected the catalyst to speed up briefly then slow down, as the slow catalyst in their previous solvent did. But that's not what they saw.

"The catalyst lights up like a rocket when you start adding water," said Roberts.

The rate continued to increase as they added more and more water. With the largest amount of water they tested, the catalyst produced up to 53,000 hydrogen molecules per second, almost as fast as their fast and inefficient version.

Importantly, the speedy catalyst stayed just as efficient when it was cranking out hydrogen as when it produced the gas more slowly. Being able to separate the speed from the efficiency means the team might be able to improve both aspects of the catalyst.

Liquid Protein

The team also wanted to understand how the catalyst worked in its liquid salt environment. The speed of hydrogen production suggested that the catalyst moved electrons around fast. But something also had to be moving protons around fast, because protons are the positively charged hydrogen ions that electrons follow around. Just like on an assembly line, protons move through the catalyst or a protein such as hydrogenase, pick up electrons, form bonds between pairs to make hydrogen, then fall off the catalyst.

Additional tests hinted how this catalyst-ionic liquid set-up works. Roberts suspects the water and the ionic liquid collaborated to mimic parts of the natural hydrogenase protein that shuffled protons through. In these proteins, the chemical scaffold holding the catalytic center also contributes to fast proton movement. The ionic liquid-water mixture may be doing the same thing.

Next, the team will explore the hints they gathered about why the catalyst works so fast in this mixture. They will also need to attach it to a surface. Lastly, this catalyst produces hydrogen gas. To create a fuel technology that converts electrical energy to chemical bonds and back again, they also plan to examine ionic liquids that will help a catalyst take the hydrogen molecule apart.

The Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis at PNNL is one of 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science at national laboratories, universities, and other institutions across the country to accelerate basic research related to energy.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. D. H. Pool, M. P. Stewart, M. O'Hagan, W. J. Shaw, J. A. S. Roberts, R. M. Bullock, D. L. DuBois. Acidic ionic liquid/water solution as both medium and proton source for electrocatalytic H2 evolution by [Ni(P2N2)2]2 complexes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1120208109

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Sunday, 17 June 2012

Wildfire destroys most homes in Colo. history

A Erickson Air Crane firefighting helicopter flys to a pond to refill its tank while fighting the High Park wildfire, west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Friday, June 15, 2012. The wildfire started Saturday and has burned over 50,000 acres. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

A Erickson Air Crane firefighting helicopter flys to a pond to refill its tank while fighting the High Park wildfire, west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Friday, June 15, 2012. The wildfire started Saturday and has burned over 50,000 acres. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

A Erickson Air Crane firefighting helicopter refills its tank in a rancher's pond while fighting the High Park wildfire west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Friday, June 15, 2012. The wildfire started Saturday and has burned over 50,000 acres. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

A thunderhead builds over the High Park wildfire and Fort Collins, Colo., on Friday, June 15, 2012. Rain could assist in fighting the wildfire that started Saturday and has burned over 50,000 acres. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

A sign warns motorist of the closure of Highway 14 through Poudre Canyon as columns of smoke rise in the distance from the High Park wildfire west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Friday, June 15, 2012. The wildfire started Saturday and has burned over 50,000 acres. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

(AP) ? Crews in northern Colorado braced for powerful fire-fanning winds Saturday as they battle a blaze that has scorched about 85 square miles of mountainous forest land and destroyed at least 181 homes, the most in state history.

The destructiveness of the High Park Fire burning 15 miles west of Fort Collins surpassed the Fourmile Canyon wildfire, which destroyed 169 homes west of Boulder in September 2010.

More than 1,630 personnel worked on the fire Saturday, officials said in a late-night news release. The figure represents an increase of more than 100 firefighters from a day earlier.

The lightning-caused blaze, which is believed to have killed a 62-year-old woman whose body was found in her cabin, was 20 percent contained. The fire's incident commander said full containment could be two to four weeks away.

Fire information officer Brett Haberstick said crews have made progress in containing a 200-acre spot fire that erupted Thursday afternoon north of the Cache La Poudre River, a critical line of defense against northward growth.

"Two 20-person hotshot crews worked throughout the day to secure lines around the perimeter of this spot fire," the officials said in a release.

Firefighters have extinguished other incursions north of the river, but the most recent one appeared to be more serious.

National Weather Service meteorologist Kyle Fredin said some rain was expected in the fire zone Saturday evening, but it will not be enough to put the fire out.

"We need a rain that will really last all day," he said. "But it's better than dry wind at this point."

Crews faced difficult conditions Sunday with wind gusts expected to hit 50 mph along ridge tops and in Poudre Canyon and temperatures in the 90-degree range.

The fire was reported June 9 and has since raced through large swaths of private and U.S. Forest Service land. It was 45 percent contained late Saturday.

Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack, who oversees the Forest Service, met with fire managers in Fort Collins on Saturday and said "fighting this fire is going to require us to be aggressive, persistent and also patient.

"We're going to continue to work to make our forests more resilient. We're going to continue to ensure that adequate resources are provided for fighting fires and we are going to continue to make sure that we encourage appropriate stewardship of our forests," he said.

Vilsack praised Congress for allowing the government to contract additional aircraft ? particularly heavy tankers ? to fight wildfires across the West. But he called on lawmakers for budget certainty to help plan for future fires.

Vilsack is scheduled to hold a news conference with U.S. Forest Service Chief Tom Tidwell in Albuquerque on Sunday.

Meanwhile in New Mexico, questions were being raised about whether bureaucratic red tape prevented firefighters from saving more homes affected by the Little Bear Fire after federal officials released transcripts of the firefighters' response.

Congressman Steve Pearce said Friday in an interview with KOB-TV (http://bit.ly/Mga1yx ) that he believed federal officials could have done more after lightning sparked the fire outside the resort town of Ruidoso on June 4. Days later, high winds sent embers more than a mile from the blaze's end, causing the inferno to grow.

But officials released transcripts of the response on the Lincoln National Forest website that suggested firefighters were attacking the blaze as soon as it was a quarter of an acre.

The fire has destroyed 242 homes and commercial structures. It had burned 59 square miles and was 60 percent contained as of Saturday night.

Parts of the area received up to three-quarters of an inch of rain Saturday, aiding the firefight but causing flash flood warnings as a result of burned over forest. Lincoln County Emergency Services ordered an evacuation for residents in low-lying areas and around creeks or streams, but they were allowed to return home in the evening.

In Arizona, a blaze in the Tonto National Forest that doubled in size to 3,100 acres. Officials said Saturday night that the fire was 15 percent contained and firefighters continued to battle unseasonably dry fuels, high temperatures and low humidity.

On Friday, a crew member broke his leg fighting the blaze, which was burning in a remote, mountainous area about 70 miles northeast of Phoenix.

___

Associated Press writer Russell Contreras in Albuquerque contributed to this report.

Associated Press

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Video: Pro-surfer survivor speaks out on accident

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Saturday, 16 June 2012

Euro zone first quarter job rate shrinks, exports hold up in April

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Acer S230HL Abii


With the Acer S230HL Abii ($189 list) you don't have to sacrifice style or screen real estate to stay within your budget. This attractive 23-inch LED backlit monitor has a super-slim profile and delivers a bright, colorful 1,920-by-1,080 picture, but its grayscale and viewing angle performance are less than stellar. However you get two HDMI ports, which is rare for a monitor in this price range, and it doesn't require much power.

Design and Features
Like its predecessor, the Acer S231HL ($199 list, 3 stars), the S230HL Abii has a very thin profile. The black cabinet is only half an inch thick around the top and sides but expands to around one inch at the bottom where the ports are mounted. Speaking of ports, this model offers two HDMI inputs and a VGA input. Having dual HDMI ports makes it easy to connect to a gaming console and a Blu-ray ray player simultaneously without having to swap cables.

Slender glossy black bezels frame the 23 inch TN+ panel, which has a matte anti-glare coating. This is a budget monitor and as such doesn't have USB ports, a card reader, or an ergonomic stand. The round base does offer tilt adjustability, however.

There are five buttons located beneath the right side of the lower bezel including a power switch, a menu/enter button, left/right menu navigation controls, an auto adjust/exit button, and an Acer e-Empowering button. The e-Empowering button toggles through five picture presets including Standard, ECO, Movie, Graphics, and User. I tested the S230HL Abii in Standard mode, which offers the best all-around picture for everyday use in a typical home/small office lighting environment. Picture settings are basic; you can adjust contrast, brightness, and color temperature as well as clock and focus (in analog mode only), dynamic contrast ratio, aspect ratio, and DDC/CI (Display Data Channel/Command Interface). The S230HL Abii comes with a three year warranty and ships with HDMI and VGA cables, a paper Quick Start guide, and a CD containing a comprehensive User Guide.

Performance
The S230HL Abii delivered well-defined, uniform colors on the DisplyMate Color Scales and Uniformity tests but had trouble with dark and light shades of gray. There was clipping at the light end of the scale in the 64-Step Grayscale test which caused the last two swatches to go from a moderately light shade of gray to white, essentially skipping a shade. Dark grayscale performance was similar although not as pronounced as what I saw at the light end of the scale. The panel had no trouble displaying small fonts set to 5.3 points on the Scaled Fonts test.

The S230HL Abii's 5-ms pixel response handled motion with aplomb; I was unable to detect motion blur or lag while playing Need for Speed: Carbon while connected to my PS3. Likewise, the movie Death Race 2 on Blu-ray disc played smoothly and image detail was sharp, although some shadow detail appeared a bit murky. Viewing angles were relatively narrow; color shifting occurred at around 45-degrees from center when viewed from the sides and was much narrower while viewing from the top and bottom. You'll want to keep this monitor at eye level for the best possible picture.

The S230HL Abii used 26 watts of power during my testing, which is decent but not as energy efficient as the Lenovo LS2421P Wide ($219.99 direct, 4 stars), which used 16 watts. However, if you enable the S230HL Abii's ECO picture mode you can cut energy consumption down to 19 watts and still enjoy a relatively bright picture, which is why it receives our Greentech stamp of approval.

You don't get much in the way of bells and whistles with the Acer S230HL Abii, but for around $190 you get good color, two HDMI connections, and full HD capabilities in a slim 23 inch cabinet. It can't touch the color and viewing angle quality of our current Editors' Choice for budget monitors, the Asus VS229H-P ($160 list, 4 stars), but it is a good deal nonetheless, especially if you want to connect to two HDMI-enabled devices at the same time.

COMPARISON TABLE
Compare the Acer S230HL Abii with several other monitors side by side.

More monitor reviews:
??? Acer S230HL Abii
??? AOC e2351F
??? Asus VS229H-P
??? HP 2311gt
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As Egyptian town votes, a glimpse of the revolution spurs longing for the past

In a town that was once a Muslim Brotherhood stronghold, many Egyptians are voting for former Mubarak ally Ahmed Shafiq in today's presidential election because they say life has been harder since the revolution.

By Kristen Chick,?Correspondent / June 16, 2012

Islam Abdel Raheem used to sell three cows a week.

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That was before the uprising in Egypt that forced former President Hosni Mubarak from power. Now, says Mr. Abdel Raheem, standing among the mostly empty meat hooks hanging from the ceiling of his tiny butcher shop, the meat he sells every week only amounts to one and a half or, at most, two cows.

The residents of this small village in the fertile farming region of the Nile Delta are buying less beef because prices are rising. The drop in business is just one of the ways life has deteriorated for Abdel Raheem since the uprising, he says. Another is security.

A few months ago, two men from outside the village killed a resident of Herreyat Razna. A group of villagers took the law into their own hands, beating the assailants to death. The police arrived late, and villagers chased them away so they could finish off the assailants themselves rather than hand them over to police, says Abdel Raheem.

?Before the revolution, the government was strong. It was governing,? he says. ?Nobody could raise a gun, or even a dagger. So this never could have happened then. That?s why we need someone from the old system, so he can restore order.?

Abdel Raheem doesn?t curse the uprising, like some here do. But he says it?s made life harder. That?s part of the reason he?ll vote for Ahmed Shafiq, who served as prime minister under Mr. Mubarak, when Egyptians go to the polls today to elect a new president.

The lives of Abdel Raheem and others like him, far from Tahrir Square, help illustrate how it is possible that Egyptians could revolt against the regime, then turn around just a year and a half later and vote someone back to power who represents the same system. To them, Mr. Shafiq?s connection to the past means he also represents their best chance of stability that might improve their daily lives. ???

'Shafiq knows politics'

In the first round of Egypt?s presidential elections, Mr. Shafiq earned the most votes in the Sharqiya governorate, which has traditionally been considered a stronghold of the Muslim Brotherhood. That Shafiq came in ahead of the Brotherhood?s candidate, Mohamed Morsi, whose hometown is in Sharqiya, was a shock. But many in the governorate say they plan to vote for him again.

?Shafiq knows politics; he has an awareness of how the system works,? says Abdel Raheem, waving away the dozens of flies buzzing around a worn butcher block. He says he expects prices would drop under a Shafiq presidency, and security would improve. ?He knows where all the thieves are located, and he could round them up in one hour.?

Shafiq has promised to restore security within hours of taking office, and that is an appealing promise to many Egyptians. Under Mubarak, police stood on nearly every corner, police stations were feared places of abuse, and crime was low. After the revolt, police withdrew, and crime flourished in their absence. Even now, with most of the police force back on duty, lawlessness is higher than it was in the days of Mubarak.

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Perspectives in Agriculture: So whatever happened with that organic ...

I get that question periodically. ?So... here's the version straight from the source.

We all know that organic certification requires that all organic growers plant organic planting stock or organic seed when commercially available. ?Here they are: ?


NOP 205.204 (a) The producer must use organically grown seeds, annual seedlings and planting stock:?Except, That (1) Nonorganically produced, untreated seeds and planting stock may be used to produce an organic crop when an equivalent organically produced variety is not commercially available? ?

?

NOP 205.2?Commercially Available: The ability to obtain a production input in an appropriate form, quality or quantity to fulfill an essential function in a system of organic production or handling, as determined by the certifying agent in the course of reviewing the organic plan?.


I was the sole source of organic strawberry planting stock in the United States in the planting years of 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 & 2009. ?For these five years, I literally gave plants away to establish my name and reputation in this business. ?I was establishing some great long term working relationships with some great people and life was good. ?My product was of such high quality my plants were literally selling themselves- if I could get a box or two of plants planted on an organic farm those people would be my customers for life.
2009 was my fifth year of organic strawberry plant production. ?Anyone who grew organic strawberries (specifically in CA) knew I existed. ?Word in the furrow was that the main certifiers weren't properly enforcing the "if available" rule, as many growers were still using conventional plants when clearly the organic plants were commercially available at similar prices and all the main varieties.

In 2009 I had eight acres of organic strawberry nursery plants, harvested them and sold the crowns in the fall of 2009 and dormant crowns in early 2010. ?I produced nearly two million plants with eight different varieties. ?I wasn't getting the sales this year like I had in the past... I had done two different harvests of different varieties to offer the best varieties at all times throughout the planting season. ?I pretty much did everything I could do on my end to provide high quality, low cost organic planting stock to the organic strawberry industry at all times in the optimal planting window. ?Unfortunately I was not supported by the majority of my fellow organic growers. ?

An organic strawberry grower in Watsonville, Stephen Pederson at Two Small Farms wrote an article that is pretty descriptive for his CSA. ?It is from an organic strawberry grower's perspective, completely unsolicited on my part and quite entertaining for me to read.

http://www.twosmallfarms.com/Newsletters.pdf/2010/TSF%20Newsletter%20April%207%202010.pdf

He hit the nail pretty hard on the head. ?Growers weren't being enforced because the vertically integrated companies were using conventional plants on the majority (if not all) of their organic fields.

My 2009 crop year was devastating for me. ?I grew nearly two million plants and had to throw away hundreds of thousands of plants that sat in cold storage in Watsonville and in Redding. ?If it weren't for the plants I sold as conventional it would have been a total flop. ?Yes, you heard that right... my plants were boxed up as conventional plants and they sold much better than if they were marketed as organic plants.
I did not plant my nursery in 2010. ?Ironically, I won the IPM Innovator Award by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation in March of 2010, right as I was shipping the last of my plants out. ?Bittersweet to say the least.

One day I was contacted by an investigative reporter who was going to write an article for the New York Times. ?It pretty well speaks for itself.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/23/us/farmers-seek-to-raise-standards-for-berries.html?_r=1&ref=sanfranciscobayarea

This made some waves in the industry. ?I soon was on NPR marketplace, on Mother Earth News, Grist, and a bunch of other industry publications. ?I did have some interesting conversations after these articles. ?I'm still not convinced the industry fully supports me. ?Why waste my time and energy if the industry does not fully want it?

So that's where I am... working on some beautiful ranches, I've got some great projects in the hopper and life is grand. ?Will I ever grow organic plants again? ?I'm afraid that isn't up for me to decide... it's up to the organic industry. ?

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Friday, 15 June 2012

UN observers visit Syria's Al-Haffe

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Real Estate Investment With UINVEST

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